A review of architectures and concepts for intelligence in future electric energy system

Renewable energy sources are one key enabler to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and to cope with the anthropogenic climate change. Their intermittent behavior and limited storage capabilities present a new challenge to power system operators to maintain power quality and reliability. Additional technical complexity arises from the large number of small distributed generation units and their allocation within the power system. Market liberalization and changing regulatory framework lead to additional organizational complexity. As a result, the design and operation of the future electric energy system have to be redefined. Sophisticated information and communication architectures, automation concepts, and control approaches are necessary in order to manage the higher complexity of so-called smart grids. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art and recent developments enabling higher intelligence in future smart grids. The integration of renewable sources and storage systems into the power grids is analyzed. Energy management and demand response methods and important automation paradigms and domain standards are also reviewed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SysGRID: IEC 61850 and IEC 61499 Standard Based Engineering Tool for Smart Grid Automation Design

The so called Smart Grid is said to be distributed in nature with an accompanying control architecture which is made up of a heterogeneous network of controllers communicating in a peer-to-peer manner. The paper proposes a novel computer-aided model-based system engineering process for the design of a Smart Grid applications from the initial design specification through to the validation of the control system and hardware deployment. The process is supported by the SysGRID tool, which plays the roles of a system configurator and device configurator adopted from the International Standard IEC 61850. SysGRID supports system-level design of automation logic in the form of function block networks compliant with the international standard IEC 61499. The capabilities of SysGRID are demonstrated through the process of designing a distributed protection application based on IEC 61850 and the resultant validation process in a close-loop co-simulation

Towards Formal Verification of Smart Grid Distributed Intelligence: FREEDM Case

This paper presents a model-checking framework for the purpose of design and implementation of robust smart grid applications based on distributed intelligence. The paper first introduces distributed grid intelligence approach to smart grid automation and related challenges of their verification. We then introduce the case study example and how model-checking can be applied to the presented system implemented in IEC 61499 standard. In the end we present the initial results of our model-checking application to smart grid applications. The paper will conclude with some issues faced during the research and corrective steps to address these issues in future

Refactoring of IEC 61499 function block application - A case study

| openaire: EC/H2020/723248/EU//DaedalusIndustrial Cyber-Physical System applications, especially distributed ones are designed and implemented in many standard approaches, one of them being IEC 61499 distributed programming standard. This article presents a case study of applying couple of refactoring methods and techniques in order to improve readability, maintainability, reuse-ability and debugging friendliness of existing function block applications. The article presents some software metrics for pre and post refactoring function block applications for measuring the effectiveness of refactoring.Peer reviewe

Towards an Open Model for Data Center Research: from CPU to Cooling Tower

Data centers are important players in the energy infrastructure. Aiming at addressing environmental challenges, large data centers such as Facebook, Google, Yahoo, etc., are increasing share of green power in their daily energy consumption. Such trends drive research into new directions, e.g. sustainable data centers. The research often relies on expressive models that provides sufficient details however practical to re-use and expand. There is a lack of available data center models that capture dynamics of the facility from the CPU to the cooling tower. It is a challenge to develop a model that allows to describe complete data center of any scale including its connection to the grid. This paper proposes such a model building on existing work. The challenge was to put the pieces of data center together and describe dynamics of each element so that interdependencies between components and parameters are captured correctly and in sufficient details. The proposed model was used in the project “Data center microgrid integration” and proven to be adequate and important to support such study

Intelligent mechatronic system with decentralised control and multi-agent planning

Flexibility and reconfigurability of production systems requires intelligent devices and products that enables easy integration and reconfiguration eliminating the need of explicit programing the functionality of resulting system. This lead to the development of such concept as Intelligent Mechatronic Component. However, coordinating such distributed self-contained components into the desired logic of operation is a challenging task. Multi-agent systems (MAS) architecture provides necessary features for seamless integration of individual functionalities of agents into system’s behaviour by self-configuration. The presented study explores an approach where MAS realizes high level coordination tasks while IMCs provides embedded services. MAS is realized in GORITE goal-oriented team programming framework deployed as web service in the Cloud. Low-level control of IMCs is developed in IEC 61499. The paper presents a case study of a Pick and Place manipulator composed of intelligent cylinders

PROSA/G: An architecture for agent-based manufacturing execution

Abstract— It had always been the intention of the agent-based manufacturing community that software agents would provide a vertical integration capability for manufacturing enterprises by linking the control world with the business world. In this paper, we introduce the PROSA/G conceptual model, which extends the widely used PROSA reference architecture with a goal-based execution model that employs both BDI semantics and a business process modelling metaphor. PROSA/G is is grounded in the GORITE software framework and its efficacy is demonstrated through the implementation of an agent-based execution system for a simple manufacturing system controlled by IEC 61499 function blocks

A Comprehensive Model of Data Center

Aiming at addressing environmental challenges, large data centers, such as Facebook, Google, and Yahoo, are increasing share of green power in their daily energy consumption. Such trends drive research into new directions, e.g., sustainable data centers. The research often relies on expressive models that provide sufficient details, however, practical to re-use and expand. There is a lack of available data center models that capture internal operating states of the facility from the CPU to the cooling tower. It is a challenge to develop a model that allows to describe complete data center of any scale including its connection to the grid. This paper proposes such a model building on the existing work. The challenge was to put the pieces of data center together and model behavior of each element so that interdependencies between components and parameters and operating states are captured correctly and in sufficient details. The proposed model was used in the project “Data center microgrid integration” and proven to be adequate and important to support such study.Peer reviewe

A Review of Agent and Service-Oriented Concepts Applied to Intelligent Energy Systems

The intention of this paper is to provide an overview of using agent and service-oriented technologies in intelligent energy systems. It focuses mainly on ongoing research and development activities related to smart grids. Key challenges as a result of the massive deployment of distributed energy resources are discussed, such as aggregation, supply-demand balancing, electricity markets, as well as fault handling and diagnostics. Concepts and technologies like multiagent systems or service-oriented architectures are able to deal with future requirements supporting a flexible, intelligent, and active power grid management. This work monitors major achievements in the field and provides a brief overview of large-scale smart grid projects using agent and service-oriented principles. In addition, future trends in the digitalization of power grids are discussed covering the deployment of resource constrained devices and appropriate communication protocols. The employment of ontologies ensuring semantic interoperability as well as the improvement of security issues related to smart grids is also discussed. © 2005-2012 IEEE.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Review of Architectures and Concepts for Intelligence in Future Electric Energy Systems

Renewable energy sources are one key enabler to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and to cope with the anthropogenic climate change. Their intermittent behavior and limited storage capabilities present a new challenge to power system operators to maintain power quality and reliability. Additional technical complexity arises from the large number of small distributed generation units and their allocation within the power system. Market liberalization and changing regulatory framework lead to additional organizational complexity. As a result, the design and operation of the future electric energy system have to be redefined. Sophisticated information and communication architectures, automation concepts, and control approaches are necessary in order to manage the higher complexity of so-called smart grids. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art and recent developments enabling higher intelligence in future smart grids. The integration of renewable sources and storage systems into the power grids is analyzed. Energy management and demand response methods and important automation paradigms and domain standards are also reviewed